Efficient power generation and LDES: CO2 utilisation in the energy transition
Too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere causes problems with the earth’s climate. But using the thermodynamic properties of this versatile molecule in modern power systems can support a climate-friendly energy transition.
Affordable, clean power is essential to drive sustainable economic development. Renewables such as wind, solar, hydro and tidal power will be integral to a low-carbon energy mix. However, baseload power and long duration energy storage (LDES) will be required to supplement these non-programmable renewable power sources. CO2 can support that in several ways.
The Allam-Fetvedt cycle enables thermal power generation from fossil fuels with zero CO2 emissions to air. It uses supercritical CO2 (sCO2) from oxyfuel combustion as the main working fluid in a semi-closed Brayton cycle. sCO2 is also at the heart of the indirect-fired supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton cycle which can be used with concentrated solar power, or on modern nuclear reactors.
In addition to its use as a working fluid in power generation, CO2 can be used in a reversible power storage cycle to compliment non-programmable renewable power sources.
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