Author - Keith Hall

Imagine that you are filling a cryogenic tank sitting on weight scales. You fill it to the proper fill density from a tank supplying very cold zero psi liquid and record the weight. You then...

Last month in part one of this article, we discussed the makeup of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the four phases or states of matter for CO2 that we typically deal with (solid, liquid, vapor, and supercritical...

The carbon dioxide (CO2) molecule is composed of one carbon atom covalently bonded to two oxygen atoms. At less than 0.04%, carbon dioxide is still the fourth most common gas present in the earth’s atmosphere....

There are a wide variety of hydrogen compressor and pump technologies in use today. Types of compressors include diaphragm, reciprocating piston, and centrifugal. Pumps for hydrogen applications consist of various kinds of positive displacement systems. Each compressor and...

Saturation is an important, yet often misunderstood concept in the cryogenic industry. A basic understanding of the term “saturation” is necessary to harness and exploit the benefits of using cryogenic liquids in our specific industries...

Last month, in part one of this article, we discussed the first three of five simple, yet critical things operators can do to extend the life of the pump seals on the external cryogenic centrifugal...

For externally mounted centrifugal cryogenic pumps, manufacturers expect mechanical seals to last for at least 1,000 hours if run under recommended conditions. Given the hassle and expense to make repairs, and the associated downtime, leaky...

Part one of A Cryogenic Transport Trailer Buyer’s Guide in last month’s issue of gasworld discussed important pre-purchase considerations such as: tare weight versus capacity, vacuum insulation integrity, trailer design specifications, nominal evaporation rate (NER)...

Are you a small industrial gas distributor and cannot afford to have a cryogenic fleet engineer on staff? What do you need to know when purchasing a cryogenic transport trailer?

There is really no such thing as a perfect vacuum – just varying degrees of very low pressure. Even in deep interstellar space, the closest there is to a perfect vacuum, there are still a...